Economy and Sustainability in the Indian Context: A Focus on Bihar

India's economic journey over the last thirty years has been marked by swift growth, structural changes, and increased global integration. However, this progress has associated environmental challenges, such as resource exhaustion, pollution, and rising inequality. This paper examines the relationship between economic development and sustainability within India, utilising secondary data to analyze sectors like energy, agriculture, and industry. It examines how India works towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), implements green policies, and faces challenges in attaining inclusive and environmentally friendly growth. Using a descriptive approach, supported by data and visual analysis, the study highlights current trends, gaps, and policy considerations. The results emphasise the need to incorporate sustainability into economic strategies, viewing it as a pathway to long-term resilience and equity rather than a restriction.