Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Indian Males: A Narrative Review

Male sexual functioning is influenced by a complex interplay of psychogenic, neurogenic, vascular, hormonal, psychological, and cultural factors. While global studies have examined sexual dysfunction and its psychiatric comorbidities, research in the Indian context remains limited, especially concerning prevalence, comorbidities, and sociocultural influences. To address this gap, a narrative review was conducted. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the review examined studies published between January 2000 and February 2023 across databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. Only original Indian studies with full-text availability were included. Studies involving comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS), autoimmune disorders, and major psychiatric or developmental conditions were excluded. Of the 482 articles screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The reported prevalence of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation ranged from 20% to 64% and 18% to 55%, respectively. Sexual activity among older adults declined significantly after age 60, influenced by biological and psychological factors. A consistently high prevalence of anxiety and depression as comorbidities was noted. Additionally, the sexuality of aging men is often stigmatized in Indian society, contributing to psychiatric morbidity and underdiagnosis. Cultural barriers further hinder help-seeking and treatment. In conclusion, Indian men appear particularly vulnerable to erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, with prevalence closely linked to psychiatric comorbidities, sociocultural stigma, and age-related changes. These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive clinical practices and public health strategies targeting sexual health and associated mental health concern.