Design and Performance Evaluation of a Rack and Pinion Footstep Energy Harvester

This research introduces a novel mechanical footstep energy harvesting system utilizing a rack-and-pinion mechanism coupled with a high-inertia flywheel and optimized spring stiffness. Designed to convert pedestrian-induced mechanical forces into electrical energy, the system theoretically projected power outputs up to 170.07 W under enhanced conditions. Experimental validations demonstrated a maximum electrical output of 3.76 W at 90 kg load, with efficiencies peaking at 19.2%. The proposed system offers substantial improvements over traditional piezoelectric alternatives, showing promising potential for sustainable integration in high-footfall urban infrastructures. As energy demand increases day after day, the ultimate solution to these problems is the application of renewable energy sources, where the use of solar energy, wind energy, etc. But we are still unable to meet the needs of our power, because of we must generate electricity through all methods. The main aim of this work is to produce electricity from a footstep mechanism as a clean energy source without producing waste that leads to environmental pollution. Electricity can be obtained from moving or standing on certain arrangements, such as lanes and stairs. In this project, electricity is produced with the help of human footsteps, where energy is converted from mechanical energy by a rack and pinion mechanism to electrical energy. This system can be installed especially in densely populated areas; it can help to save energy by being used to lower the electricity consumption rates in those areas.