Chemical Constituents with Cytotoxic Activity from <i>Dracocephalum imberbe</i>

Abstract Dracocephalum species are medicinal aromatic plants known for their strong biological and pharmacological properties. In this context, the isolation, purification, and structural determination studies were carried out on Dracocephalum imberbe , for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined as luteolin‐7‐ O ‐β‐D‐glucoside ( 1 ), (2 S )‐5,7,3′,5′‐tetrahydroxyflavanone‐7‐ O ‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside ( 2 ), ursolic acid ( 3 ), luteolin ( 4 ), and 5,7,3′,5′‐tetrahydroxyflavanone ( 5 ). The cytotoxic activity of the purified compounds was evaluated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), human oesophagus adenocarcinoma (OE33), human gastric adenocarcinoma (ACC‐201), and healthy human lung fibroblast (CCD‐34Lu) cell lines via MTT assay. The flavonoid glycosides 1 – 2 demonstrated notable cytotoxic activity selectively against MCF‐7 cells, while compound 2 showed a stronger cytotoxic effect on MCF‐7 cells (39.48 ± 16.14 µM) than compound 1 (66.99 ± 3.77 µM). Moreover, compounds 3 and 5 exhibited cytotoxic effects on OE33 with an IC 50 value of 73.66 ± 7.40 and 70.67 ± 17.48 µ M, respectively. Since no previous activity studies have been reported for these compounds on these cancer cell lines, future research could focus on evaluating their cytotoxic and anti‐proliferative effects.