Dynamic Load Analysis on Onion Planting Machine Combination During Operation

5The shallot planting machine system (SPMS) is essential for modern agriculture but encounters kinematic oscillations due to uneven terrain, variable operating speeds, and nonlinear soil properties. This study analyzes dynamic loads on the SPMS and proposes design enhancements to improve operational efficiency and durability. A single-track bicycle model, solved using the 4th-order Runge Kutta method in MATLAB Simulink, simulates vertical dynamics of the tractor $(\mathrm{m} 1=2000 \mathrm{~kg})$, working machine $(\mathrm{m} 2=600 \mathrm{~kg})$, and planting mechanism ($\mathrm{m} 3=40 \mathrm{~kg}$). Results indicate oscillation amplitudes of $\mathbf{1. 0 - 1. 3 ~ c m}$ (tractor), $\mathbf{1. 2 - 1. 8 ~ c m}$ (working machine), and 1.52.5 cm (planting mechanism), with dynamic loads reaching $1600-1700 \mathrm{~N}$ at the planting head and a Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) of 1.3-2.5 across field conditions. Proposed improvements include increasing structural rigidity, optimizing suspension systems, and limiting speeds to below $5 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{h}$ to enhance planting accuracy and system longevity.5