Design of an intelligent control system for agricultural greenhouse growth environment based on PLC

As a facility system capable of precisely regulating crop growth environments, intelligent agricultural greenhouses can automatically respond to harsh weather and seasonal changes, ensuring stable crop growth. They have become a crucial direction and research focus in China's agricultural development. This paper proposes an intelligent agricultural greenhouse design based on the PLC (S7-1200) system. By integrating temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and light sensors, the system monitors environmental parameters inside the greenhouse in real time and transmits the data to the PLC for comparison with preset target values. The system then employs a PID automatic adjustment algorithm to output control parameters, automatically driving peripheral devices to regulate the environment. Key functionalities include automatic watering when soil humidity drops, activating fans for cooling when temperatures are too high, deploying shading panels when light intensity is excessive, and supplementing light when illumination is insufficient—thereby achieving automated and intelligent greenhouse control. During the research, a simulation system was built using the TIA Portal V16 software platform, with PLC program simulation conducted via PLCSIM Advanced. The WinCC configuration interface was utilized for visual monitoring, and program improvements were made based on simulation results. The findings not only enhance the environmental control capabilities of intelligent agricultural greenhouses but also provide a technical foundation for the intelligent upgrading of agricultural production. By enabling crops to grow in optimized conditions, intelligent greenhouses can increase crop yields while significantly reducing labor and resource costs, demonstrating broad application prospects.