Glacier change analysis of glaciers in Chandra basin, Western Himalaya during 1965-2023

Mountain glaciers are the good indicators of climate change. They also important for downstream population because population in this area are depended economically and socially. In present study, long term glacier area and length change analysis have done in Chandra basin, Western Himalaya during 1965-2023 using Corona KH-4B (1965), Landsat 5 (1989), Landsat 7 (2002) and Planet Scope Imagery (2023). It is observed that all 9 glacier have losses $6.87 \pm 1.6$ $\mathrm{km}^{2}(2.22 \pm 0.5 \%)$ glacier area during 1965 to 2023. While the average retreat rate of all 9 glacier was $17.23 \pm 0.18 \mathrm{~m} /$ year during 1965-2023. Bara Shigri Glacier have highest retreat rate ($37.3 \pm 0.18 \mathrm{~m} /$ year) which followed by Samudra Tapu Glacier ($28.5 \pm 0.18 \mathrm{~m} /$ year). The present study with long term change analysis will help to understand the dynamics of glacier in Chandra basin.