Temperature and Humidity Effects on Electromagnetic Waves Utilizing 140 GHz Radar Measurements

In this contribution, the behavior of an electromagnetic wave in the 140 GHz range, propagating through a temperature and humidity controlled environment, is investigated. We consider the surrounding air as a frequency-dependent dielectric medium to understand its relation with the electromagnetic wave. A theoretical model is introduced to analyze and verify the measurement data, aiming to improve accuracy and understanding of microwave interaction with the atmosphere. The final measurements using the D-band radar system reveal that phase changes induced by fluctuations in air temperature and humidity can be detected with high precision and sensitivity. These results highlight the substantial potential of D-band radar measurements in effectively compensating for climatic effects, which is crucial for improving accuracy in industrial environments with common temperature and humidity fluctuations.