Textile Antenna with Meta-Surface on Curved-Surface for Smart Clothing Applications

This paper presents a textile antenna integrated with a meta-surface for smart clothing applications, designed for installation on curved surfaces. The antenna is designed to operate over a wide frequency band, including the 2.4 GHz band, making it suitable for wearable applications. Its structure comprises a textile antenna and a 3×3 meta-surface array, fabricated using felt and Shieldit fabric. The antenna demonstrates key characteristics such as adaptability to curved surfaces, reduced specific absorption rate (SAR), and high gain. Experimental results indicate that when installed on a curved surface, the |S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf>| parameter remains below -10 dB at 2.4 GHz, with an antenna gain ranging from 4.62 to 6.71 dBi. The antenna is evaluated at three positions on clothing—chest, shoulders, and back—exhibiting consistent performance in terms of |S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf>|, gain, and radiation pattern.