LP Formulation for Microgrid Energy Management Systems with Multi-battery Units

This paper focuses on optimization modeling for tertiary-level control of microgrid energy management systems consisting of electrical load, photovoltaic system, and multi-battery storage system units. The objective functions for microgrid EMS involve economic and battery objectives that aim to minimize the energy expense while promoting desired operations of the batteries. A new objective function is proposed to balance the battery state of charge (SoC) across battery units. This new objective can be formulated as a linear programming (LP) problem, unlike typical approaches that require mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) due to binary variables for battery status. Results demonstrate scenarios where some battery units are out of service and the method provides commands to synchronize the remaining units to balance SoC. A comparison of computation times between MILP and LP formulations illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.