A 24 GHz Power Amplifier with a Switching Output Combiner for a Dual-Mode MIMO Radar System

This paper presents a versatile 24 GHz power amplifier (PA) tailored for high-performance MIMO radar systems, enabling seamless operation across both Binary Phase Modulation (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0-\pi$</tex> BPM) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) modes. Featuring an innovative switching output combiner, the PA dynamically adapts to TDM mode by combining transmitted power, achieving equivalent transmitter output power (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{T}}$</tex>) for both TDM and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0-\pi$</tex> BPM in ideal, lossless conditions. The proposed PA demonstrates impressive metrics, delivering 16.6 dBm Psat in TDM mode and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$15.8 \text{dBm} \mathrm{P}_{\text {sat }}$</tex> in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0-\pi \text{BPM}$</tex> mode, thus boosting data throughput, signal integrity, and power efficiency across applications.