Constant Modulus OTFS Based on Zak Transform of Complementary Sequences for Joint Radar and Communications

The effect of amplifier-related signal amplitude compression in orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) waveform for radar and communications systems is considered. A novel approach to OTFS waveform generation is proposed, where complementary sequences are used with the Zak transform to encode delay-Doppler symbols and form an OTFS time-domain signal with a constant envelope. The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of conventional OTFS can cause amplifier saturation, leading to spectral noise and performance degradation in both communication and radar systems due to amplitude clipping. This issue can be critical in dual-function radar and communication applications, where high power may be crucial in both use cases. The proposed waveform, namely, constant modulus OTFS (CM-OTFS), offers an alternative to standard OTFS when high-power or low-cost amplification is required. The sensing and communications performances of CM-OTFS are evaluated through numerical simulations and compared with pristine and amplifier-distorted OTFS waveforms. CM-OTFS demonstrates slightly degraded sensing performance and lower communication rate than pristine OTFS but outperforms amplifier-distorted OTFS signals. The performance of CM-OTFS is evaluated through radar and communication simulations, as well as radar measurements using the waveform-agile PARSAX radar.