An RFID Localization Algorithm Based on Dual Rotating Antennas and Particle Filtering

With the rapid development of the economy and technology, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is growing rapidly. However, significant multipath effects in complex environments reduce the accuracy of traditional methods, limiting practical applications. To address these challenges, our work presents a novel synthetic aperture radar RFID (SAR RFID) localization method leveraging dual rotating antennas. By utilizing received signal strength indication (RSSI) and establishing its functional relationship with angular position, the horizontally and vertically rotating antennas improve coverage and reduce multipath errors. Additionally, a multivariate nonlinear regression algorithm integrated with particle filtering is introduced to enhance adaptability to nonlinear data, significantly improving localization performance. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional fixed antenna system, the positioning error of the proposed system in 3-D environments is less than 13 cm. Our system achieves a favorable tradeoff among performance, hardware cost, and deployment complexity, due to the flexible configuration enabled by rotating antennas and the SAR mechanism. The proposed method can provide accurate and stable state estimation in complex nonlinear scenes, and offers a robust and practical RFID positioning solution for practical applications.