Thailand's journey: Unveiling the interplay between population, FDI, carbon emissions, and renewable energy for building a sustainable future

The dynamic link between Thailand's population growth, FDI, carbon dioxide emissions, and renewable energy development is examined in this study, which uses data from 2014 to 2024. Thailand, whose economy is growing quickly, must promote economic expansion and reduce its adverse environmental effects. Increased resource and energy consumption due to population expansion affects the nation's carbon emissions trajectory. While foreign direct investment (FDI) can boost economic growth, technical development, and industrial expansion, it can also worsen environmental problems. This study's analysis of trends and volatility throughout this period provides a sophisticated understanding of these interdependencies using an ARCH model. Although Thailand is the main topic, China is compared to show similarities and differences in their approaches to sustainable growth. The report highlights Thailand's advancements in incorporating green policies and technology to lower its carbon footprint and the significance of global collaboration and sustainable investment. The study gives stakeholders and policymakers useful information by revealing these complex linkages. Thailand's experience provides essential insights for balancing environmental sustainability with economic goals when considering the broader world context.