The Impact of Final Waste Processing Site (TPA) on Land Use Change and Socioeconomic Conditions in Medan's Surrounding Communities

The presence of Final Waste Processing Sites (TPA) in urban areas often leads to a dilemma between the necessity of waste management infrastructure and its environmental and social impacts on surrounding communities. This study focuses on examining the influence of the TPA Terjun in Medan City on land use change patterns and the socioeconomic conditions of nearby residents. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving a survey of 150 respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess how two independent variables—TPA characteristics and public perceptions and responses—affect community perceptions of environmental impacts. The findings indicate that both independent variables have a significant simultaneous effect on public perception, with a model significance value of 0.022. Specifically, the physical characteristics of the TPA exert a significantly positive influence on the community’s environmental perceptions, while community perceptions and responses also contribute meaningfully. Despite this, the low coefficient of determination (R² = 0.009) implies that many other external factors not included in the model also shape perceptions of environmental impact. This study underscores the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to spatial planning and urban environmental management, particularly regarding public infrastructure like TPAs. It highlights the need for public participation in decision-making, the improvement of infrastructure quality, and the establishment of clear zoning regulations to ensure a balance between the functional needs of urban areas and the preservation of the surrounding microenvironment. These factors play a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of waste management facilities and in enhancing the quality of life for the communities in proximity to these sites. Ultimately, the study advocates for better integration of community feedback and more robust environmental policies in urban planning to foster sustainable urban development.