Epidemiology and risk factors of invasive pulmonary fungal disease in patients with lung cancer

Candida and Aspergillus species were the most common causative agents of IPFD in patients with lung cancer. However, the emergence of less common fungi such as Geotrichum capitatum and Rhizopus microsporus, observed with increasing frequency in this study, warrants heightented clinical vigilance. Recognizing key risk factors, including chronic respiratory diseases, male sex, hypertension, multiple comorbidities and smoking, may guide early diagnosis and targeted antifungal therapy, ultimately improving clinical outcomes.