Quantifying Pharyngeal Residue during Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies (VFSS/MBS): Validation of Percentage-Based Visual-Perceptual Residue Ratings

Visual-perceptual percentage-based residue ratings during VFSS demonstrate a high level of accuracy and inter- and intra-rater reliability. Clinician experience and practice patterns influence rating accuracy. These findings support the potential clinical utility of percentage-based visual-perceptual methods as a valid and accessible alternative to traditional ordinal residue scales.