Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation in Patients with COPD Group E in Ningbo: Risk Analysis of Irregular Review, Cardiovascular Complications, and Lung Function Decline

The severity of airflow restriction, instantaneous flow during forced exhalation of 75% of the lung capacity, cardiovascular disease complexity, higher mMRC scores, and irregular participation in intervention treatment were associated with disease deterioration in patients at high risk of AECOPD. Regular participation in standardized intervention management and treatment is a protective factor against worsening events in high-risk patients with AECOPD. These results may reduce medical resource utilization and AE frequency while improving quality of life, thereby informing evidence-based COPD management strategies and optimizing chronic disease care and resource allocation.