Milli-Tesla quantization enabled by tuneable Coulomb screening in large-angle twisted graphene
The electronic quality of graphene has improved significantly over the past two decades, revealing novel phenomena. However, even state-of-the-art devices exhibit substantial spatial charge fluctuations originating from charged defects inside the encapsulating crystals, limiting their performance. Here, we overcome this issue by assembling devices in which graphene is encapsulated by other graphene layers while remaining electronically decoupled from them via a large twist angle (~10-30°). Doping of the encapsulating graphene layer introduces strong Coulomb screening, maximized by the sub-nanometer distance between the layers, and reduces the inhomogeneity in the adjacent layer to just a few carriers per square micrometre. The enhanced quality manifests in Landau quantization emerging at magnetic fields as low as ~5 milli-Tesla and enables resolution of a small energy gap at the Dirac point. Our encapsulation approach can be extended to other two-dimensional systems, enabling further exploration of the electronic properties of ultrapure devices.
Authors
- Vladimir I. Fal’ko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0828-0310)
- Sergey Slizovskiy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-0775)
- Ilya V. Begichev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-3121)
- Alexander Kazantsev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9296-8999)
- Zhen Zhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-7722)
- Pierre A. Pantaleón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-7868)
- Sergey Grebenchuk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4565-7167)
- Takashi Taniguchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105)
- Kenji Watanabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119)
- Maxim Trushin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-7194)
- Kostya S. Novoselov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-5371)
- Alessandro Principi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-6965)
- Ian Babich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-7259)
- Alexey I. Berdyugin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-6227)
- Denis G. Baranov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-1587)
- Makars Šiškins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-2221)
- Jianting Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-461X)
- I Reznikov
Institutions
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- National Institute for Materials Science (JP)
- IMDEA Nanoscience (ES)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Henry Royce Institute (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-08-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62492-5
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Graphene research and applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.55
Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology