Development and Characterization of Polymer Blends Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol for Application as Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Mixtures containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and methylcellulose (MC) were obtained and used to synthesize hydrogels in various ratios of components. The swelling kinetics of the resulting hydrogels were studied, revealing that the equilibrium swelling degree in artificial saliva is nearly twice as high as in water. It was found that increasing the volumetric content of PVA in the mixture leads to a higher swelling degree. The kinetics of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) sorption and release from the hydrogels were also investigated. It was demonstrated that hydrogels with a higher PVA content exhibit greater sorption capacity; however, the release of the API from such samples occurs at a slower rate. For the first time, the mucoadhesive properties of PVA-MC-based hydrogels were studied. It was established that the PVA-MC hydrogel with a ratio of 6:4 vol.% remained on the surface of the porcine cheek mucosa for two days, the 5.5:4.5 vol.% sample detached after 24 h, and the 5:5 vol.% sample adhered for approximately 10 h. These findings confirm the mucoadhesive potential of the hydrogels and their suitability for buccal drug delivery forms. The synthesized PVA-MC hydrogels are promising for applications in medicine and pharmacology.