Defect identification in monolayer MoTe₂ through tunneling tip-induced charging and theoretical analysis

Defects in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are pivotal in modulating their electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. Investigating these defects is essential for advancing both fundamental knowledge and practical applications. In this study, we examine the individual defects in a monolayer of MoTe₂ supported on graphene grown on an Ir(111) substrate by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Charging rings appear at distinct bias voltages, revealing ionization levels of doping centers located either below or above the Fermi level. Although direct STM visualization of point defects was not achieved, the combination of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations enabled the identification of the structural origins of the charge states. Our results demonstrate a powerful tool for uncovering the electronic and structural characteristics of atomic-scale defects in MoTe₂, contributing to the understanding of defect-driven electronic properties in transition metal dichalcogenides.