Statistical Rigor and Reproducibility in the AI Era

In today's data-rich biomedical landscape, traditional statistical practices increasingly intersect with powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tools.This convergence presents both opportunities and challenges.AI and machine learning (ML) can reveal patterns that manual analysis might overlook, potentially accelerating discovery.However, their use also heightens longstanding concerns about validity and reproducibility.The inappropriate application of AI is leading to findings that are often unreproducible or clinically irrelevant.This editorial examines issues of reproducibility, the limitations of p -value-based inference, and the integration of AI and provides practical guidance for clinicians and researchers.