Prevalence and predisposing factors of retained drug needle fragments in people who inject drugs: a protocol for a preliminary cross-sectional multicentre observational study in Finland

Authors

Otso Arponen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-0126)
Heidi Laukkala
Irina Rinta‐Kiikka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0454)
Olli Nevalainen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-229X)
Markku Sumanen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-1456)

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article

Otso Arponen, Heidi Laukkala, Irina Rinta‐Kiikka, Olli Nevalainen et al.

Aug 1, 2025

BMJ Open

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

article

Otso Arponen, Heidi Laukkala, Irina Rinta‐Kiikka, Olli Nevalainen, Markku Sumanen

August 1, 2025article en

No abstract available for this paper.

BMJ OpenVol. 15(8)

Tampere University of Applied Sciences (FI), Tampere University (FI), Tampere University Hospital (FI), Tampere University (FI)

Good health and well-being

Openalex Percentile: Top 81%

Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

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