Enhanced Distributive Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Energy Efficient Clustering in WSN’S

This study proposes an enhanced version of the Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEEC) protocol, termed M-DEEC, for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). M-DEEC introduces three node types—normal, advanced, and super nodes—to improve energy efficiency and network longevity through optimized cluster head selection based on residual and average energy levels. By addressing limitations in existing protocols, M-DEEC achieves superior performance in terms of stability, energy distribution, and network lifespan, as validated through simulations across various heterogeneity configurations. Results demonstrate that M-DEEC consistently outperforms classical DEEC and other protocols, making it a robust solution for energy-efficient WSNs.