THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT MODELS OF POWER FITNESS TRAINING ON THE RE-ADAPTATION PROCESSES OF OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS

The aim is to compare the impact of using different power fitness training models on body composition indicators and muscle strength levels in adolescents with normal and excessive body weight. Material and Methods. 64 adolescent boys aged 14–15 years (height: 165±4.8 cm) were examined. Among them, 32 untrained individuals with normal weight (NW) had an initial body fat mass (BFM%) of 16.2±1.3% (Group A). Another 32 adolescents were overweight (OW), with a BFM% of 40.7±1.8% (Group B), which is at least 2.2 times higher than the norm. During the study, the groups were divided into subgroups: A1, A2, B1, B2. Methods: Integrated quantitative assessment of power fitness loads (Ra, m, Wn), bioimpedance analysis (BFM, FFM, ACM), and control testing of muscle strength development (4RM). Monitoring was conducted every 30 days over 16 weeks. Participants in subgroup A1 followed training model 1 (Ra = 0.71; energy supply via the creatine phosphate mechanism; basic machine exercises). Adolescents in subgroups A2 and B1 used training model 2 (Ra = 0.65; anaerobic glycolysis as the energy supply; isolated machine exercises). Training Model 3 (Ra = 0.58; combined anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis; isolated free weight exercises with altered kinematic characteristics) was applied to subgroup B2. Results. A long-term use of training model 1 proved to be the most effective stimulus for increasing BFM and active cell mass (ACM), accompanied by a significant increase in muscle strength in NW adolescents. At the same time, the BFM% under these conditions remained virtually unchanged compared to the initial values. Employing model 2 helped increase their BFM and ACM parameters across all study participants. Simultaneously, under this model, the studied muscle strength (4RM) and BFM% indicators among overweight adolescents showed clear positive dynamics. The greatest reduction in BFM% and the highest increase in ACM% among OW adolescents were observed in study participants following the power fitness training model 3. Conclusions. When developing training models for OW adolescents, it is essential to consider not only their initial body composition parameters but also the level of the body’s resistance to physical loads. Using moderate-intensity load (Ra = 0.65) based on anaerobic glycolysis and isolated machine exercises promoted the most pronounced re-adaptation in OW adolescents. Using isolated machine exercises with adjusting body position to reduce stabilizer muscle activity slowed energy resource depletion rates, especially in cases of low adaptive reserves.