Hybrid Cooling Solutions for Sustainable Refrigeration: A Path to Net-Zero in the Food Industry

Refrigeration is essential for the food industry and global food security, yet it is associated with significant energy consumption, contributing for 1% of global carbon emissions and incurring substantial operating costs. As decarbonization and net-zero targets have become imperative in addressing climate change, the shift towards sustainable energy solutions in refrigeration has become crucial. While alternative cooling technologies and renewable energy integration have shown promises individually, their combined potential is largely untapped. This paper proposes the integration of evaporative cooling and solar cooling as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to the conventional vapor compression cycle. By harnessing the strength of both technologies, we propose an affordable and scalable refrigeration solution for the food industry. A comprehensive techno-economic-environmental analysis is employed to evaluate the economic effectiveness and environmental competitiveness of this hybrid approach. Moreover, the combined refrigeration system performance is compared with the conventional vapor compression cycles, both fossil fuel-based and renewable energy-based, to highlight the potential for carbon emission reductions, as well as energy and cost savings. This research aims to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy into existing refrigeration facilities, promoting sustainable practices within the food industry, especially in developing nations.