Application of a Fuzzy PID Control Strategy Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion in Battery Compartment Temperature and Humidity Management

To enhance the operational safety and reliability of electric vehicle (EV) battery systems in complex environments, this paper proposes a fuzzy PID control strategy based on multi-sensor fusion for the intelligent temperature and humidity management system of EV battery compartments. The system uses an STM32 embedded microcontroller as the core control platform, integrating cell temperature sensors and fan speed sensors collected via CAN bus, as well as in-compartment temperature and humidity sensors via I<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>C interface, to build a complete environmental perception network. By leveraging multi-source sensor information fusion and a fuzzy PID controller, the system performs fuzzy reasoning on variables such as temperature error and humidity, dynamically adjusting PID parameters to achieve intelligent control of fans and dehumidification modules. When temperature or humidity exceeds safe thresholds, the control system responds promptly and takes corresponding measures to ensure the battery pack operates within a safe range of 25–40°C and humidity below 80%. Experiments demonstrate that this control method exhibits excellent environmental adaptability and dynamic regulation capabilities, effectively preventing battery thermal runaway and electrolyte performance degradation. It provides new insights for the intelligent design of EV thermal management systems.