Analysis of AC Losses in a Double-Layer Pentagonal Cable Model

With the rapid growth of global electricity demand and the increasing requirements for energy transmission efficiency, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables have emerged as a transformative direction for power systems due to their high current-carrying capacity and low transmission losses. However, the issue of AC losses significantly hinders their commercial application, especially in multi-layer complex-structured cables, where the influence of substrate material properties and electromagnetic coupling effects on losses requires in-depth investigation. This paper focuses on a double-layer pentagonal HTS cable, examining the AC loss characteristics of first-generation BSCCO wires, second-generation non-magnetic YBCO wires, and magnetic YBCO-NiW wires. Through a combination of simulation modeling and experimental measurements, the study systematically explores the impact mechanisms of different wire structures, substrate materials, and voltage lead designs on losses. This study provides theoretical support and experimental evidence for the optimized design of HTS cables, highlighting the significant advantages of non-magnetic YBCO wires in reducing losses and costs. It also offers critical recommendations for voltage lead design and engineering applications of complex-structured superconducting cables, contributing significantly to the advancement of superconducting transmission technology.