The Experimental and Simulation Study of Substation Time Synchronization System Affected by Strong Electromagnetic Pulse

High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP), as a type of strong electromagnetic pulse, is characterized by its high energy, short rise time, wide coverage, and broad frequency range. It can couple through various cables and damage downstream electronic devices. As a strongly time-dependent system, a unified reference time is crucial for the safe and stable operation of smart substations. This paper models the time synchronization system of a substation and investigates its coupling response under HEMP. Both simulation and experimental results, which account for the environmental conditions of the time synchronization system, show good accuracy. The findings indicate that HEMP can damage the time synchronization system, causing it to lose its synchronization functionality, thereby impacting the substation.