Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Considering Grid Security

With the proposal of the “dual carbon” strategic goals, China has accelerated the green transformation of its energy structure. The high-penetration integration of distributed renewable energy generation, characterized by intermittency, volatility, and low predictability, poses significant challenges to grid security. Concurrently, frequent occurrences of extreme low-temperature weather in northern China have led to surging electricity demand during such events. When extreme weather coincides with insufficient wind and solar resources, renewable energy generation becomes inadequate to meet grid requirements, potentially triggering relay protection actions that result in severe load loss incidents. This paper formulates a multi-objective optimization problem considering network load loss risk cost, load balance degree, and network losses. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) with an elite strategy is employed for simulation analysis on an IEEE 33-node system integrated with photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage system (ESS). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed security mechanism effectively reduces power outage probability for critical users, mitigates line overload risks, and lowers network losses.