Beamwidth Control Method for Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurface Antenna Based on Genetic Algorithm

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) technology has demonstrated significant potential in wireless communications due to its ability to dynamically control electromagnetic waves, enabling enhanced signal coverage, energy efficiency, and network flexibility. This study proposes a beamwidth control method based on a genetic algorithm, which achieves precise beamwidth adjustment from 6° to 20° by optimizing the phase configuration of RIS reflective units. Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed method can flexibly adapt to various application requirements, exhibiting high accuracy, robustness, and significant potential for practical deployment. The method's capability to dynamically adjust beamwidth can be extended to satellite communications and radar systems, where precise beamwidth control enhances target detection and communication reliability.