Routing Metrics Enhancement Using ECO Aware Routing Protocol

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is important in oceanography, environmental observation, disaster prevention, and resource exploration; however, they face difficulties like excessive prorogation delays, Limited bandwidth, and limitations on energy. Given the impracticality of recharging or replacing sensor batteries, maximizing network lifetime and improving data transmission reliability require efficient routing protocols designed for underwater environments. In this paper, the Eco Aware Routing Protocol (EARP) is being compared with Opportunistic Routing Protocol (ORP) and the GAN Based Trusted Routing (GTR) algorithm through six major performance parameters: packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy, end to end delay, throughput, routing overhead, and network lifetime. EARP enhances network efficiency through choosing nodes according to residual energy, while ORP utilizes stochastic forwarding and GTR uses GAN based learning in trust based routing. The outcomes reflect that EARP performs better compared to ORP and GTR, with a greater PDR and throughput value and lower energy consumption and end to end delay. Moreover, EARP ensures minimum routing overhead and increased network lifetime by employing energy aware routing decisions. Simulation using MATLAB substantiates the proficiency of EARP in resolving key issues of UWSNs to improve data reliability during transmission as well as enhance overall network effectiveness.