Sustainable Cold Ironing with On-Grid Photovoltaic Power: A Case Study of Tanjung Emas Port

Ports play a vital role in today's liberalized economy, with high demand for seaborne trade due to their costeffectiveness and capacity to transport large goods. However, fossil fuel-powered ships generate carbon emissions while docked, posing risks to local communities. Cold ironing systems supply electricity to ships directly from the port to address this, reducing emissions. This solution supports Indonesia's carbon reduction targets outlined in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Alternative energy sources, particularly renewable options like photovoltaic (PV) power plants, are needed to further support this goal. This research focuses on designing and calculating the power requirements for a cold ironing system that combines hybrid photovoltaic and grid electricity. It also evaluates potential carbon emissions and operational cost reductions. The study analyzes the installation of a rooftop PV system for the port authority building at Tanjung Emas Port, with a designed capacity of 6,250 kW. PV sources contribute 43.9% to the hybrid grid supply system for cold ironing operations. Implementation of the grid-PV hybrid system achieves 79.35% cost savings over diesel generation and reduces 61.39% CO₂ emissions. These findings offer a technical foundation for enhancing environmental sustainability at Tanjung Emas Port and advancing it toward becoming an international smart port.