Evaluating short-term air pollution-related mental health resilience using a directional network

This study has illuminated a directional network linking air pollution to mental health, with a specific focus on fine particulate matter. Thus, enhancing mental health resilience against air pollution requires a coordinated yet targeted approach, prioritizing interventions for fine particular matter exposure. Furthermore, policymakers should address resilience disparities by tailoring interventions to mitigate memory lapses (which exhibit sex/education gaps) and irritability and feeling afraid (associated with age-related vulnerabilities).