From Hisbah to Halal Governance: Reconstructing Market Supervision in Classical Islamic Manuscripts for Contemporary Halal Economy Regulation

The global demand for halal products demands a surveillance system that is not only technical, but also rooted in Islamic ethics. This research reconstructs the concept of hisbah as a model of contemporary halal governance with a qualitative, historical-normative approach. The primary sources used include the classics of Ibn al-Ukhuwwah and al-Syaizari, as well as supporting texts from al-Māwardī, al-Ghazālī, and al-Qarāfī. Analysis is carried out through text criticism and thematic value extraction. The findings show that principles such as honesty, prohibition of fraud (gharar, tadlīs), and the social responsibility of traders remain relevant. The figure of muḥtasib stands out as an ethical regulator, not an administrative one. The study proposes a "Hisbah-Based Halal Governance Triangle" model that combines sharia values, institutional integrity, and community participation. The main contribution of this research is the integration of turāth epistemology with modern governance theory. Follow-up studies are recommended to test this model empirically.