Islamic Approach Analysis Sustainable Development: The Role Of Geopolitical Risk On Environmental in Indonesia

This study examines the factors influencing sustainable development in Indonesia, focusing on environmental quality through an Islamic perspective. Amid global geopolitical dynamics, such risks significantly affect environmental policies and practices. The Islamic approach offers a distinctive framework by integrating ethical, spiritual, and social values into environmental governance. Using time series data from 1992–2022 and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this study analyzes the short- and long-term relationships between geopolitical risk, environmental policy stringency, and human capital on environmental quality. The results show that geopolitical risk has a significant short-term effect but no long-term impact. Environmental policy stringency influences environmental quality in both the short and long term, while human capital affects it only in the short term. These findings highlight the relevance of Islamic values in shaping resilient and sustainable environmental policies amid geopolitical uncertainty. The study recommends integrating religious principles into environmental policymaking and promoting collaboration among the government, religious institutions, and civil society to strengthen environmental protection efforts in Indonesia.