Risk Identification in Toll Road Projects: Literature Review and Expert Validation

Toll road projects are complex construction undertakings that inherently involve a variety of significant risks. This study aims to identify the key risks associated with toll road construction projects through a comprehensive literature review, followed by expert validation conducted on a case study of the Yogyakarta–Bawen Toll Road Section 1 project. The validation process involved distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews with five professionals representing the project owner, consultant, and contractor. The literature review initially identified 31 potential risks; however, expert feedback determined that only 20 of these risks were considered relevant. Additionally, experts introduced two new critical risks: design changes due to government policy and prolonged design review processes. This brings the total number of validated risks to 22. These findings provide a foundational basis for further risk analysis and the development of effective mitigation strategies aimed at minimizing adverse impacts during toll road project execution.