Optimisation Scheduling of Integrated Electricity‐Heat‐Oxygen Energy Systems Considering Demand Response and Carbon Trading Based on IGDT

ABSTRACT With economic development, the residents of Tibet's high‐altitude regions have an increasing demand for quality of life. This study addresses the oxygen supply needs, renewable energy instability and load uncertainty in high‐altitude areas, while aligning with the goal of reducing carbon emissions. A combined electricity, heat and oxygen integrated energy system (IES) suitable for high‐altitude areas is proposed. Firstly, a combined oxygen supply mode integrating power‐to‐gas and vacuum pressure swing adsorption is established. Secondly, due to renewable energy instability and load fluctuations, an information gap decision theory model is developed, considering both risk‐averse and risk‐seeking perspectives. Demand response is also incorporated to ensure a reliable energy system. Finally, a tiered carbon trading mechanism is introduced, and an optimised scheduling model for the integrated energy system is established. Using the Gurobi optimiser for typical load cases in high‐altitude areas, results show that under the risk‐averse strategy, IES costs increase based on the deviation factor, while under the risk‐seeking strategy, IES costs decrease accordingly.