Anion/Cation Co-(de)Intercalation in Ti₃C₂T_x Modified with Cobalt Phthalocyanine for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Due to the shortage of lithium resources and the requirement for high-energy density in lithium- ion batteries (LIBs), anion/cation co-(de)intercalation based on the incorporation of both anions and cations from the electrolyte is expected to be a viable solution. In this work, through cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) modification, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene utilizes cationic/anionic carriers for charge storage. Specifically, during the charging process, a reversible intercalation of PF 6 - anions occurs subsequent to the removal of Li ions. By unlocking the capability of anion/cation co-(de)intercalation, the as-designed Ti 3 C 2 T x -CoPc anode exhibits significant merits in terms of storage capacity (achieving up to nearly 3-fold improvement over the Ti 3 C 2 T x ) and excellent rate performance. Our findings highlight new anion/cation co-(de)intercalation chemistry for MXenes.