Calb – Ramond Field, Solutions with Spherical Symmetry, the Gauge Degrees of Freedom

In the present paper, the system of 10 equations for Calb – Ramond particle is studied in spherical coordinates. For this particle, in contrast to Maxwell theory, the antisymmetric tensor represents gauge variables, and 4-vector relates to physically observable ones. After separating the variables we get the first order system of 10 radial equations. By diagonalysing the space reflection operator, we get to more simple subsystems of 4 and 6 equations, related to states with parities P = (–1)j+1 and P = (–1)j respectively. For parity P = (–1)j+1 the system of 4 equations has two independent solutions, they both describe two gauge states. For parity P = (–1)j, the system of 6 equations has 2 independent solutions; one of them is purely gauge, and the other includes both observable and gauge variables. Therefore, for Calb – Ramond particle there exist only one physically observable state with spherical symmetry, and three states are gauge ones. Recall that in Maxwell theory, exist 2 physically observable states, and 2 pure gauge states.

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Publication Details

Journal
Веснік Брэсцкага ўніверсітэта Серыя 4 Фізіка Матэматыка
Published
2025-07-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.63874/2218-0303-2025-1-22-28
Primary Topic
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Calb – Ramond Field, Solutions with Spherical Symmetry, the Gauge Degrees of Freedom

А. В. Ивашкевич, P. Sachenok, E. Ovsiyuk
Веснік Брэсцкага ўніверсітэта Серыя 4 Фізіка Матэматыка
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
article

Calb – Ramond Field, Solutions with Spherical Symmetry, the Gauge Degrees of Freedom

А. В. Ивашкевич, P. Sachenok, E. Ovsiyuk
article en

Abstract

In the present paper, the system of 10 equations for Calb – Ramond particle is studied in spherical coordinates. For this particle, in contrast to Maxwell theory, the antisymmetric tensor represents gauge variables, and 4-vector relates to physically observable ones. After separating the variables we get the first order system of 10 radial equations. By diagonalysing the space reflection operator, we get to more simple subsystems of 4 and 6 equations, related to states with parities P = (–1)j+1 and P = (–1)j respectively. For parity P = (–1)j+1 the system of 4 equations has two independent solutions, they both describe two gauge states. For parity P = (–1)j, the system of 6 equations has 2 independent solutions; one of them is purely gauge, and the other includes both observable and gauge variables. Therefore, for Calb – Ramond particle there exist only one physically observable state with spherical symmetry, and three states are gauge ones. Recall that in Maxwell theory, exist 2 physically observable states, and 2 pure gauge states.

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Calb – Ramond Field, Solutions with Spherical Symmetry, the Gauge Degrees of Freedom — А. В. Ивашкевич, P. Sachenok, et al. · Веснік Брэсцкага ўніверсітэта Серыя 4 Фізіка Матэматыка (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS