Varied Presentations of Carcinoma Penis in India: A Case Series

Penile cancer is an uncommon but significant malignancy affecting men, with a disproportionate burden in developing countries. India has one of the highest incidences of penile cancer in the world, with rates as high as 3.32 per 100,000 men. Socio-economic factors, limited awareness and social stigma contribute to delayed presentation and diagnosis, often resulting in advanced-stage disease at the time of treatment. This case series presents five patients diagnosed and treated for penile carcinoma at the Urology Department in the hospital over the past 12 months, from February 2023 to February 2024. The demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnostic findings, treatment plans, surgical outcomes, postoperative outcomes and follow-up were recorded. A delay in diagnosis of penile cancer was noted in all patients, owing to social stigma, neglect and social embarrassment, along with a lack of education. This series emphasises the critical need for public health education and initiatives focused on early detection and management of penile cancer. Breaking the silence around penile cancer by addressing social stigma and making healthcare more accessible can encourage men to seek help earlier- often allowing for simpler treatments and better outcomes. There is a clear need for ongoing research and larger community-based studies to develop consistent care guidelines and practical prevention strategies, especially for those most at risk.