Challenges pertaining to the implementation of Competency-Based Curriculum in Tanzania: A narrative literature review

Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) is one of the largest education reform movements sweeping across the globe. Many countries, including Tanzania, have made concerted efforts to implement this innovative approach to curriculum and instruction. This narrative literature review therefore, aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing CBC implementation in Tanzania. The review analyzed 27 relevant studies published between 2012 and 2024, which revealed that, the implementation of CBC in Tanzania faces a myriad of challenges, including inadequate teacher preparation and training, limited resources and infrastructure constraints, language barriers and systemic as well as motivational issues. These multifaceted challenges underscore the need for a comprehensive and collaborative approach to address the obstacles and ensure the successful implementation of the CBC. The review acknowledges the need for future studies so as to expand the geographical scope, incorporate quantitative data, explore long-term impacts, investigate stakeholders’ perspectives and evaluate innovative approaches.