Neonatal Diseases Managed in the Peripheral Hospital: a study at the sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah; Morocco

Neonatal pathologies encompass a wide range of diseases and disorders affecting newborns (age ≤28 days). These conditions can have diverse origins, whether infectious, genetic, metabolic, hemodynamic, respiratory, digestive, neurological or other. This is a retrospective analytical and descriptive study, carried out in the department of pediatrics the Peripheral Hospital Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah of Essaouira, Morocco; over a period of 6 months from June 11, 2023 to December 11, 2023| The total number of neonates hospitalized was 140 cases with a sex ratio of 1.15. The mean age was 4.68 ± 6.87 days, with extremes ranging from 1 to 28 days. The prematurity rate was (21.7%) and (31%) of newborns had a low birth weight. More than half (61%) of pregnancies were poorly attended, with medical deliveries accounting for (94%), and in (66%) were by vaginal delivery versus (33%) by caesarean section. Infectious anamnesis was positive in (35%). Prematurity was the main reason for hospitalization (21%). Hyperleukocytosis or leukopenia was observed in (29.53%) of cases. CRP was above 20 mg/l in (24.61%). Newborns receiving antibiotic treatment accounted for (83%). The average hospital stay was 4.72 days. Prematurity was the primary diagnosis (40.7%). The mortality rate was (6%), while the outcome was favorable in (91%) of the newborns in the study. Neonatal pathologies are frequent and remain associated with high mortality, hence the interest in creating an interconnected care system capable of managing them by guaranteeing regular monitoring of pregnancies, special attention during deliveries, and adequate equipment.