3D-Printed Wearable Biosensors for Livestock Health Monitoring

Livestock health monitoring stands as a linchpin in ensuring both the welfare of animals and the optimization of productivity. As we navigate toward meeting current and future food crises, the role of biosensors in this context cannot be overstated. Such biosensors serve as indispensable tools, offering real-time insights into the health status of livestock, thereby enabling early detection of diseases and prompt intervention. In addressing the challenges and potential of biosensors for livestock sensing, it is clear that while biosensors have seen extensive use in human health monitoring, their application in livestock is crucial for ensuring animal well-being and productivity, vital in meeting global food demands. To maximize effectiveness, there is a need for advanced manufacturing to develop customized, user-friendly, and cost-effective sensors. By harnessing the synergistic potential of electrochemical biosensors and advanced manufacturing, this review discusses the challenges that currently impede the widespread adoption of wearable electrochemical biosensors, advanced manufacturing techniques, and artificial intelligence in livestock sensing. This strategic approach not only bolsters animal welfare and productivity but also fortifies agricultural resilience in the face of evolving global food demands. This review highlights recent advancements in biosensors for livestock monitoring.