International practices to prevent ostracism

In the context of growing digital risks and the transformation of the school environment, the problem of ostracism and bullying is becoming particularly relevant. The object of this study is social isolation in educational institutions, manifested in the form of bullying and cyberbullying. The work aims to conduct a comparative analysis of national and international strategies to prevent ostracism, with an emphasis on legal, institutional, and cultural aspects. The main attention is paid to the experience of Finland, Great Britain, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Kazakhstan, and Russia, which revealed typological differences in approaches to bullying prevention. The scientific and practical significance of the article is due to the fact that it not only systematizes data on current anti-bullying models but also offers recommendations for their adaptation in the conditions of the Kazakh and Russian educational systems. The research methodology is based on comparative legal analysis, content analysis of regulations, reports of international organizations (UNESCO, OECD, UNICEF), as well as statistical data on the dynamics of bullying. Elements of socio-cultural analysis and expert survey were also used. The results showed that countries with comprehensive public policies, mandatory implementation of educational programs (for example, KiVa in Finland), and a well-developed victim support system demonstrate the greatest effectiveness. In Kazakhstan, despite the partial implementation of KiVa, a positive trend has been recorded – a 12% decrease in bullying in pilot schools. The research contributes to the development of pedagogical policy to combat bullying, justifying the need to integrate international practices into national strategies. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the findings in the development of effective preventive measures.