CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONS WHO COMMIT TRAFFIC SAFETY CRIMES: FROM OCCASIONAL VIOLATORS TO REPEAT OFFENDERS

Purpose.In the modern context of rapid growth in the number of vehicles and increasingly complex transport infrastructure, the present research is dedicated to developing a classification of individuals who commit traffic safety crimes.The classification of offenders can serve as a foundation for elaborating countermeasures.The study aims to create a typology of offenders to analyze the effectiveness of preventive measures and the system of legal responsibility.The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach that includes statistical data analysis for 2020-2025.The study incorporated psychological profiling methods, sociological surveys among active road users, content analysis of court cases, and a comparative legal analysis of domestic legislation and regulatory acts of EU countries regarding responsibility for traffic violations.Results.The research aims to create a model for classifying offenders.Legal criteria (form of guilt, repetition, recidivism), psychological characteristics (risk-taking tendencies, impulsivity, aggressiveness), social factors (influence of reference groups, professional deformation), and situational variables (stress, fatigue, use of psychoactive substances) were considered.The developed classification aims to assess the probability of subjects committing repeated offenses.The analysis showed that occasional violators constitute 65% of the total number.Systematic violators and repeat offenders account for 23% and 12%, respectively, responsible for 78% of fatal accidents.The research indicates that the psychological profile of an offender can be a factor in analyzing the likelihood of reoffending.Individual psychological characteristics, social environment, and previous experience influence the formation of behavioral patterns of violators.Conclusions.Based on the research results, the development of targeted preventive measures for different categories of violators is being considered.The results indicate the possibility of implementing psychological correction programs for individuals at risk of aggressive driving, modernizing the system of automatic violation detection, and revising the driver training system.The proposed classification can be used to analyze road safety programs and the system of legal responsibility.Further research may focus on developing algorithms for identifying potential systematic violators and analyzing individualized preventive measures.