Bioenergy for Net Zero Transition: Assessing Biomass Resources in Indonesia

Indonesia’s journey towards achieving net zero emissions by 2060 requires a thorough exploration of renewable energy resources, with biomass playing a crucial role. Using Biomass Resource Modelling (BRM) focused on Indonesia, this research assesses its potential for bioenergy production and emission reductions. By analysing various biomass sources, this study estimated their energy potential and contribution of these resources to the national energy mix. The BRM results indicate that Indonesia’s biomass resources, including agricultural residues, energy crops, and waste, offer substantial potential, could reach up to 312 Mt by 2050 contributing approximately 24% of the energy demand. Significant growth is anticipated through the increased use of co-firing in coal plants and biodiesel blending. However, realising this potential requires overcoming challenges related to biomass availability, infrastructure, and technological development. The study emphasises the importance of policies that encourage biomass diversification, particularly the use of waste-derived biomass from of agricultural, domestic, and plantation sectors. This waste-derived biomass not only addresses energy production needs but also provides a solution to Indonesia’s growing waste management challenges. By implementing comprehensive policy frameworks and investing in bioenergy technologies, Indonesia can maximise its biomass potential and support its renewable energy and climate goals. The transition to net zero emissions in Indonesia is closely linked with the strategic use of bioenergy, with biomass resources offering viable pathways to achieve the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) target. This study provides a framework for policymakers, outlining pathways to effectively utilise biomass resources.