The potential of stem cells in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Aim - to investigate the potential of stem cells in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy, focusing on a systematic review of current scientific sources. The review included articles published from 2010 to 2024, which highlight the effectiveness and safety of mesenchymal, induced pluripotent and neural stem cells in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The PRISMA methodology ensured transparency and replicability of the analysis. The results confirm the high effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells, which demonstrate anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties and promote neurogenesis. Induced pluripotent cells are promising due to their ability to multilineage differentiation, although their use is limited by ethical aspects. The choice of the method of cell administration significantly affects the results: intravenous administration is safe but less precise, intracerebroventricular provides maximum effectiveness, while the intranasal method is becoming popular due to the possibility of avoiding systemic complications. Stem cell therapy combined with hypothermia has shown a synergistic effect, opening new prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The authors declare the absence of a conflict of interest.