Ukrainian agriculture during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war: consequences, policy responses and recovery strategies

Purpose. The present paper examines the impact of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war (RUW) on Ukraine’s agricultural sector, focusing on the period from 24 February 2022 to the end of 2024. The article has three objectives: firstly, to assess the extent of losses in agriculture; secondly, to evaluate government policy measures; and thirdly, to propose strategies for post-war recovery. Methodology / approach. The study uses a four-stage mixed-methods approach. The following four-step process was undertaken: (i) a systematic literature review of academic, institutional, and policy sources; (ii) statistical analysis of agricultural data from Ukrainian and international institutions; (iii) K-means clustering of regions by the level of impact of the war, economic loss and agricultural activity was conducted using R statistical software; (iv) an evaluation of Ukrainian agricultural policies issued during the RUW. This approach provides a comprehensive perspective on the impact of the RUW on Ukrainian agriculture, thereby informing policy and recovery strategies. Results. The findings indicate that Ukraine’s agricultural sector has been severely impacted, with key disruptions including a decline in cultivated land, the destruction of grain storage facilities, and blockades limiting export capacity. The study emphasises government measures such as financial aid programs, tax exemptions, and alternative logistics solutions to sustain agricultural operations. Despite ongoing challenges, Ukrainian farmers have demonstrated resilience, maintaining production on 80 % of available farmland. The research also outlines projections for post-war agricultural recovery, emphasising infrastructure reconstruction, sustainable land use, and alignment with EU agricultural policies. Originality / scientific novelty. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted impact of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war on Ukraine’s agricultural sector. Combining bibliometric analysis, statistical data review and policy evaluations, the research provides a novel framework for understanding the war’s immediate and systemic effects. The study fills gaps in the existing literature by highlighting the interconnection between Ukrainian agriculture and global food security and proposing scientifically sound strategies that meet potential European Union integration standards. Practical value / implications. The findings of this study are of significant practical value for policymakers, stakeholders and international organisations involved in Ukraine’s agricultural recovery and development. By providing a comprehensive assessment of the war’s impact, the research identifies critical areas for intervention, including infrastructure restoration, demining, logistical improvements, and financial support for farmers. The proposed recovery strategies emphasise innovation, digitalisation, and alignment with European Union standards, thus offering a roadmap for building a more resilient and competitive agricultural sector.