Multisensor monitoring system for detecting changes in weather conditions and air quality in agricultural environments

The increasing impact of climate change and the need for precision agriculture demand reliable environmental monitoring solutions.This study aims to develop a real-time, multisensor-based environmental monitoring system that displays data via an I2C LCD and a user-friendly web interface. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a range of sensors, including the DHT22 (for temperature and humidity), MQ-7 and MQ-135 (for CO and CO₂), LDR (for light intensity), a rain sensor, and an anemometer (for wind speed). Testing was conducted over eight hours under various environmental conditions, both indoors and outdoors. Validation was performed by comparing the sensor readings with those from standard measuring instruments. The results showed that the DHT22 sensor had a low error rate of 0.62% for temperature and 0.38% for humidity. Other sensors demonstrated low standard deviation values, indicating stable and consistent measurements. The system also exhibited responsive and accurate performance in detecting changes in environmental parameters. Therefore, this system is effective as an environmental monitoring tool for agricultural applications and can support early decision-making based on environmental condition changes.